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CSTS (Crew Space Transportation System) ACTS (Advanced Crew Transportation System)
RKK Energia · Space Vehicle · ESA member states · Modern (1992–2009)
Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS), or Advanced Crew Transportation System (ACTS), was a proposed design for a crewed spacecraft for low Earth orbit operations such as servicing the International Space Station, but also capable of exploration of the Moon and beyond. It was originally a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Roscosmos, but later became solely an ESA project. This study was conceived as a basic strategic plan to keep a viable European human spaceflight program alive.
Specifications
- Category
- Space
- Sub-Category
- Space Vehicle
- Domain
- Civil
- Era
- Modern (1992–2009)
- Country
- ESA member states
- Manufacturer
- RKK Energia
- Co-Manufacturer
- EADS Astrium (original proposal); EADS Astrium (later proposal)
- Operator
- Roscosmos, European Space Agency (original proposal); European Space Agency (later proposal)
- Status
- Retired